Zapaleri is a volcano whose summit is the tripoint of the borders of Argentina, Bolivia and Chile. A number of railways are in the area. It is part of Potosí Department (Bolivia), Jujuy Province (Argentina), and Antofagasta Region (Chile). The volcano formed on top of the 2.89 mya Tara Ignimbrite from the Guacha caldera and the basement beneath the volcano is formed from Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks affected by tectonic deformation. Volcanic rocks are andesite, basalt, dacite and rhyolite. Late Cretaceous rocks are also found in the area, as are Pleistocene shoshonite volcanic rocks.
The Bolivian portion of the mountain is protected within Eduardo Avaroa Andean Fauna National Reserve. Moreover, it is close to the sector Salar de Tara-Salar de Aguas Calientes of Los Flamencos National Reserve, Chile.
Zapaleri is associated with a major source of obsidian, with a distribution sphere found in archeological sites over 350 kilometres (220 mi) wide. The obsidian is found on the Bolivian side of the border next to Laguna Blanca. Another source is found on Solterio Mountain. Inca and earlier archeological remains are associated with the obsidian sites.
By elevation Cerro Zapaleri is
# 11 out of 865 in Jujuy # 41 out of 410 in Provincia de El Loa # 44 out of 973 in Región de Antofagasta # 83 out of 3781 in Bolivia # 4 out of 47 in Reserva Provincial Alto Andina de La Chinchilla # 27 out of 150 in Provincia Sur Lípez # 19 out of 66 in Eduardo Avaroa Andean Fauna National Reserve # 39 out of 1235 in Potosí
By prominence Cerro Zapaleri is
# 18 out of 865 in Jujuy # 36 out of 410 in Provincia de El Loa # 46 out of 973 in Región de Antofagasta # 2 out of 47 in Reserva Provincial Alto Andina de La Chinchilla # 15 out of 150 in Provincia Sur Lípez # 8 out of 66 in Eduardo Avaroa Andean Fauna National Reserve # 58 out of 1235 in Potosí
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